Basic Revia Information

• INN (International Nonproprietary Name): Naltrexone hydrochloride
• Brand names available in Australia: Revia, Vivitrol, Naltrexona (generic)
• ATC Code: N07BB04 – Drugs used in alcohol dependence
• Forms & dosages: 50 mg tablets (oral), 380 mg intramuscular injection
• Manufacturers in Australia: Various generics available, original branded Revia largely discontinued
• Registration status in Australia: Prescription only
• OTC / Rx classification: Prescription-only medication

Critical Warnings & Restrictions

Naltrexone hydrochloride, marketed as Revia, plays a significant role in managing opioid and alcohol dependence. It's essential to follow specific safety precautions, especially for individuals in vulnerable populations. One of the critical warnings is that patients should steer clear of naltrexone if they are currently using opioids; doing so can lead to precipitated acute withdrawal, which can be severe and uncomfortable. This medication is not suitable for everyone. Elderly patients and those suffering from chronic illnesses, particularly liver or kidney impairments, should exercise caution. These groups are more likely to experience heightened sensitivity to the drug's side effects. Regular monitoring and consultations with healthcare professionals are crucial when prescribing naltrexone to these individuals.

High-risk Groups (Elderly, Pregnancy, Chronic Illness)

Elderly patients may need dosage adjustments due to potential issues with renal or hepatic functions. For pregnant women, a careful assessment of the risk-benefit ratio is vital prior to starting treatment. Chronic illnesses, particularly liver conditions, require diligent monitoring to ensure patient safety and effective treatment.

Interaction With Activities (Driving, Workplace Safety Under Australian Law)

The use of naltrexone may impair cognitive functions and motor skills. Therefore, the ability to drive or operate machinery can be compromised. Under Australian law, it is advised that individuals refrain from these activities until they have a clear understanding of how the medication affects them.

Q&A — “Can I Drive After Taking It In Australia?”

**Q:** Can I drive after taking naltrexone? **A:** It is advisable to avoid driving until you understand how naltrexone affects your concentration and coordination.

Usage Basics

Naltrexone, known by its International Nonproprietary Name (INN), is available in Australia under various names and formulations. While the brand Revia offers 50 mg oral tablets, it's worth noting that this option is largely discontinued in favour of generic alternatives that remain accessible to patients.

INN, Brand Names Available In Australia

In Australia, naltrexone is predominantly available in generic forms rather than branded ones like Revia. The extended-release formulation, Vivitrol, comes as a 380 mg intramuscular injection, which provides an alternative for patients seeking treatment for opioid or alcohol dependence.

Legal Classification (TGA-approved, PBS-listed)

Naltrexone is classified as a prescription-only medication by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia and is also listed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). This enables subsidised access for eligible patients, ensuring that more individuals can receive the treatment they need.

Dosing Guide

Effective treatment with naltrexone hinges on proper dosing. This section outlines standard regimens guided by the TGA's recommendations while acknowledging potential adjustments for specific populations.

Standard Regimens (PBS Reference Dosing)

The standard adult dosage for both alcohol and opioid use disorders is 50 mg taken orally once daily. Initiating treatment for long-term opioid relapse prevention should only occur once the patient has been abstinent from opioids for a period of 7–10 days.

Adjustments For Comorbidities

Patients with existing liver or renal impairments require careful monitoring due to the potential hepatotoxic effects of naltrexone. Additionally, dosage adjustments may be necessary for elderly patients as well as those dealing with mental health conditions to ensure both safety and efficacy.

Q&A — “What If I Miss A Dose?”

**Q:** What should I do if I miss a dose of naltrexone? **A:** Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip the dose if it’s almost time for your next one. Never double up on doses.

Interaction Chart

Understanding how naltrexone interacts with food, drinks, and other medications is crucial for safe usage.

Food and Drinks (Alcohol, Coffee, Australian Diet Context)

While no direct interactions with food are established, patients undergoing treatment for alcohol dependence should avoid consuming alcoholic beverages. Mixing alcohol and naltrexone can diminish the medication's effectiveness and provoke unwanted psychological cravings.

Common Drug Conflicts

Interactions may occur with various medications, particularly opioids. Patients must inform their healthcare providers about all medications they are taking, including over-the-counter options and herbal supplements, to prevent adverse interactions that could interfere with their treatment.

Access & Purchase Options

In Australia, accessing naltrexone can seem a bit daunting, yet knowing where to look and what options are available makes all the difference. Patients seeking treatment for alcohol or opioid dependence can find naltrexone through various channels, ensuring a smoother journey to recovery. From local pharmacies to online options, there’s help out there to meet individual needs.

National chains (Chemist Warehouse, Priceline, TerryWhite)

Major pharmacy chains like Chemist Warehouse and Priceline play a critical role in the accessibility of naltrexone. Both offer the medication both in-store and online, which provides additional convenience. It’s wise to check on the availability frequently, as stocks can fluctuate. For eligible patients, exploring the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) can reveal potential subsidies that may lessen the financial burden. TerryWhite also provides naltrexone, further strengthening the options available for patients looking to start their treatment journey.

Online pharmacies and telehealth e-prescriptions

Online pharmacies are a game-changer, especially for individuals living in remote areas. These platforms facilitate home delivery, allowing patients to receive their medication right at their doorstep. With telehealth services gaining momentum, getting e-prescriptions for naltrexone has become a seamless process, ensuring timely access to essential drugs and reducing barriers to treatment.

Mechanism & Pharmacology

Understanding how naltrexone works can be a great source of comfort for those seeking to break free from the chains of addiction. As an opioid antagonist, naltrexone operates primarily on the mu-opioid receptors in the brain. This action significantly reduces cravings for both alcohol and opioids, thus playing a crucial role in recovery efforts.

Simplified explanation

Naltrexone deftly functions by blocking the euphoric effects that opioids usually provide. This blockade helps deter relapse, making it a valuable ally for those recovering from addiction. Moreover, when consumed as part of an alcohol dependence treatment plan, naltrexone can diminish the pleasurable sensations associated with drinking, offering a guiding light towards sobriety.

Clinical terms

In clinical settings, naltrexone is a key player in medication-assisted treatment (MAT). It's classified under the ATC code N07BB04, specifically aimed at addressing drug dependence. This classification ensures that healthcare providers can easily identify it as a medicinal option for patients struggling with addiction.

Indications & Off-Label Uses

Primarily, naltrexone is prescribed for treating both opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. However, its utility doesn't end there; it can also be employed in various other contexts. Understanding both approved and off-label uses helps inform patients and healthcare professionals about the broader potential of this medication.

Approved indications by TGA

The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has officially approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence and opioid use disorder. This regulatory endorsement provides assurance to those seeking treatment, reflecting its importance in the landscape of addiction therapies available in Australia.

Off-label uses in Australian clinical practice

In Australian clinical practice, some practitioners might consider using naltrexone off-label, particularly for supporting weight loss efforts or addressing other forms of substance dependence. However, these applications demand careful consideration, thorough patient education, and close monitoring by healthcare providers to mitigate risks and maximise benefits.

Key Clinical Findings

Recent studies underscore naltrexone's effectiveness, particularly within the Australian demographic, showcasing significant strides in treating alcohol dependence. Major findings from research conducted between 2022 to 2025 illustrate notable reductions in cravings and relapse rates amongst users. This data reinforces naltrexone’s integral role in comprehensive addiction therapy and its place in ongoing health discussions. By addressing the challenges of dependence, naltrexone continues to shape the methodologies adopted in combating addiction in Australia.

Alternatives Matrix

Exploring alternative medications for alcohol and opioid dependence allows for tailored patient care. Various options cater to individual needs, maximising outcomes while managing side effects. Understanding these alternatives can empower patients and clinicians alike in their pursuit of recovery. Each patient's journey is unique; therefore, a range of medication options provides pathways for both immediate and long-term support. Medications such as disulfiram and buprenorphine stand as key players in this landscape, each presenting distinct mechanisms of action and consequences. As treatment evolves, integrating these alternatives raises critical considerations in balancing efficacy with safety.

<h3:PBS-listed alternatives comparison table

Drug Name	Indication	Mechanism
Disulfiram	Alcohol dependence	Alcohol aversive agent
Acamprosate	Alcohol dependence	Modulates glutamate/GABA
Buprenorphine	Opioid dependence	Partial opioid agonist
Nalmefene	Alcohol dependence	Opioid receptor antagonist

Pros and cons checklist

A checklist comparing alternatives to naltrexone can assist clinicians and patients in making informed choices. Key areas to consider include:

• Effectiveness: Varies among individuals, so personalisation is crucial.
• Side effects: Each medication has unique effects that can influence adherence.
• Suitability: Patient history and current medications play significant roles.

Common Questions

Addressing common queries may help demystify naltrexone and encourage adherence to treatment. Many patients have concerns about their medications, especially when dealing with substances like alcohol and opioids. Clear answers can alleviate anxiety and promote understanding. Australian pharmacy consultations frequently reveal worries about side effects, interactions, and advice for missed doses. Providing comprehensive answers ensures patients receive the guidance they require for successful treatment.

Some common inquiries may include:

• “Can I drink alcohol while on naltrexone?”
• “What should I do if I experience side effects?”

Suggested Visual Content

Visual aids can enhance patient understanding and retention of essential information. Infographics can serve as a valuable tool in explaining complex drug information in an easily digestible format.

Infographics: PBS pricing, pharmacy network map

Visually engaging maps and charts illustrating the PBS pricing structure and the pharmacy network across Australia can enhance patient education, aiding them in navigating the medication access landscape efficiently. Infographics can clarify costs, access points, and eligibility, making healthcare appear less daunting.

Registration & Regulation

Understanding naltrexone's regulatory framework ensures patients are aware of its legal standing and usage parameters. The legal context surrounding naltrexone informs both prescribers and patients, ensuring that critical usage guidelines are adhered to.

TGA approval

Naltrexone is approved by the TGA for specific uses in Australia. This approval ensures adherence to established health standards, reflecting its importance in the medication-assisted treatment landscape for substance use disorders. Prescribing professionals can confidently recommend this medication knowing it meets regulatory rigours.

PBS subsidy details

The PBS subsidy programme provides financial assistance for eligible patients, easing access to crucial medications like naltrexone. This programme is designed to promote public health by reducing costs for the patient, thereby encouraging adherence to treatment plans that can lead to improved health outcomes.

Storage & Handling

Proper storage of naltrexone ensures its efficacy and safety. Awareness of how to correctly handle medications is essential for both patients and healthcare providers to maintain therapeutic integrity.

Household storage in Australian climate

Naltrexone tablets should be stored at 20–25°C. In the Australian climate, attention must be given to avoid exposure to moisture and heat. Proper storage practices can prevent degradation and ensure the medication remains effective over its shelf life.

Cold-chain handling for pharmacies

Pharmacies must follow strict cold-chain protocols for injectable naltrexone. This ensures the medication is appropriately stored and used within the recommended timeframe, preserving its intended potency and effectiveness.

Guidelines for Proper Use

Effective communication from healthcare providers enhances patient adherence to naltrexone therapy. Clear guidelines can benefit both patients and prescribers in navigating the treatment landscape.

Australian pharmacist counselling style

Pharmacists play a pivotal role in patient education about naltrexone. They offer insights regarding dosage, potential side effects, and the importance of combined psychosocial support as part of an effective treatment regimen. This support can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Patient advice from PBS and national health authorities

Guidelines from PBS and health authorities emphasise the necessity of consistent follow-ups and mental health support. Reinforcing the importance of comprehensive care throughout treatment ensures patients are not just seen as numbers but integral members of their treatment team, achieving better outcomes.

Delivery Options for Naltrexone

City	Region	Delivery Time
Sydney	New South Wales	5–7 days
Melbourne	Victoria	5–7 days
Brisbane	Queensland	5–7 days
Perth	Western Australia	5–7 days
Adelaide	South Australia	5–7 days
Hobart	Tasmania	5–9 days
Canberra	Australian Capital Territory	5–7 days
Gold Coast	Queensland	5–7 days
Newcastle	New South Wales	5–9 days
Central Coast	New South Wales	5–9 days
Geelong	Victoria	5–9 days